EPONYMS (Advanced) (EXERCISE A78E290)

New words enter a language in many ways. Below in the box are eight words which came into English because of unusual things someone did. Place a word next to its description.

Chauvinist      Bobbies     Leotard    Margarita    Guillotine    Casanova      Braille      Derby

(A)   _________________: a close-fitting garment worn by dancers, acrobats, and the like.     Named after Julius ______________ a 19^th  century French aerial gymnast. 

(B)   _________________: a machine for beheading people. Named after Joseph ________.

 A French physician who proposed its use in 1789 as more humane than hanging.

(C)   _________________: a man who is a promiscuous and unscrupulous lover. Named

 after Giovanni _________________ an Italian adventurer, and writer, 1725 -1798.

(D)   _________________: a stiff felt hat with a dome-shaped crown and rather narrowed rolled brim. Named after Edward Stanley, 12^th Earl of _______________ , who founded the ________________ horse race at Epson Downs, England.

(E)    _________________: excessively patriotic or devoted to an ideology. After Nicolas ________________ a legendary French soldier devoted to Napoleon.

(F)    _________________: in Great Britain, the nickname given to police officers. Named after Sir _____________ Peel, the statesman who organized the London police force in 1850.  

(G)  ________________: an alcoholic drink, made with tequila and lime juice. Invented by a bartender in El Paso, Texas, in honor of his girlfriend.

(H)   ________________: a system of writing for the blind. Named after Louis ___________, a French teacher of the blind who invented it in 1852.

Here are a few eponyms used in everyday speech:

The phrase “sideburns” actually comes from Ambrose Burnside, an American jack-of-all-trades and first president of the NRA. His unique hairstyling created a new word!

As tissues have come to be known as Kleenex, the brand name Kleenex is an eponym as well.

If you are said to have an “Achilles’ heel”, it means that you have a weakness of some kind. This eponym goes back to the Greek myths and to the Trojan War. The hero Achilles was dipped in the river Styx by his mother, making him invulnerable, except for the part of his heel where his mother held him. He was eventually killed by being wounded in his heel.

Europa was a woman in Greek mythology, after whom the continent of Europe is named.

             ANSWERS:       

EPONYMS  

                                                                         

New words enter a language in many ways. Below in the box are eight words which came into English because of unusual things someone did. Place a word next to its description.

Chauvinist      Bobbies     Leotard    Margarita    Guillotine    Casanova      Braille      Derby

(A)   Leotard: a close-fitting garment worn by dancers, acrobats, and the like.     Named after Julius Leotard a 19th-century French aerial gymnast. 

(B)   Guillotine: a machine for beheading people. Named after Joseph Guillotine.

 A French physician who proposed its use in 1789 as more humane than hanging.

(C)   Casanova: a man who is a promiscuous and unscrupulous lover. Named after

Giovanni Casanova an Italian adventurer, and writer, 1725 -1798.

(D)   Derby: a stiff felt hat with a dome-shaped crown and rather narrowed rolled brim. Named after Edward Stanley, 12^th Earl of Derby, who founded the Derby horse race at Epson Downs, England.

(E)    Chauvinist: excessively patriotic or devoted to an ideology. After Nicolas Chauvinist a legendary French soldier devoted to Napoleon.

(F)    Bobbies: in Great Britain, the nickname given to police officers. Named after Sir Bobbie Peel, the statesman who organized the London police force in 1850.  

(G)  Margarita: an alcoholic drink, made with tequila and lime juice. Invented by a bartender in El Paso, Texas, in honor of his girlfriend.

(H)   Braille: a system of writing for the blind. Named after Louis Braille, a French teacher of the blind who invented it in 1852.

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MEETING SOMEONE FOR THE FIRST TIME (Intermediate) (EXERCISE B91E289)

In North America when people meet each other for the first time, they talk about things like family, work, school, or sports. They ask questions like “Do you have any brothers or sisters?”, “Where do you work?”, “What school do you go to?”, and “Do you like sports?”, and “Where do you live?” These are polite questions. They are not personal or private.

But some things are personal or private, and questions about them are not polite. People don’t ask questions about a person’s salary. They don’t ask how much someone paid for something. It is OK to ask children how old they are, but it is not polite to ask older people their age. It is also not polite to ask people questions about politics or religion unless you know them well people don’t ask unmarried people “Why are you single?”, and they don’t ask a married couple with no children “Why don’t you have children?”

(1)  Look at the following questions. Are they polite (P) or not polite (NP) when you meet someone for the first time in North America?

(A)                       What does your wife do?      __________

(B)                        Do you believe in God?          __________

(C)                        How much money do you earn?  _________

(D)                       How many children do you have?   _________

(E)                       Do you like baseball?  __________

(F)                        How old are you, Mr. Lee?   ____________

(G)                       Are you a Democrat or a Republican?   ___________

(H)                       How much was your watch?    _____________

(2)  Look at the questions again. Are they polite or not polite in your country?

(3)  Read and practice the following conversation.

(A)            Hi! How are you?

(B)             Fine thanks. And you?

(A)            I am pretty good. How is your job?

(B)             Just fine. We are very busy at the moment.

(A)            We are too. We have a lot of new clients.

(B)             That’s great. We are in the same situation. All going well we should receive

            a good bonus at the end of the year!

(A)            You are lucky. If our company has a good year we only receive a larger

           Christmas hamper.

(B)             It was great talking to you! I have to go. See you!

(A)            See you. Until later.   

ANSWERS: MEETING SOMEONE FOR THE FIRST TIME

(1)  Look at the following questions. Are they polite (P) or not polite (NP) when you meet someone for the first time in North America?

(A)              What does your wife do?      P

(B)               Do you believe in God?          NP

(C)               How much money do you earn? NP

(D)              How many children do you have?   P

(E)               Do you like baseball?  P

(F)               How old are you, Mr. Lee?   NP

(G)              Are you a Democrat or a Republican?  NP

(H)              How much was your watch?    NP

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MONEY AND FINANCE (Intermediate) (EXERCISE I101E288)

What is the best piece of advice you ever received to earn more money?

I just gave this lesson to my 10 year old son.

“Dad, to make money I will be walking our neighbor’s dogs, how much should I charge?”

“How much do you want to make?” I asked.

“I think I could charge $3 dollars per hour.”

“Is that all you want to make? Only $3 dollars per hour?”

“No!” he interrupted, “I would love to make $20 dollars, but how could I do that? Do you think people will pay me $20?”

I started to work on his mindset:

“What are you selling son?”

He stopped staring at me thinking, “I’m not selling anything dad, what do you mean?”

“Okay,” I said, “pretend I’m your customer, sell me.”

He ran quickly to the computer and printed a brochure he created that said:

I WALK YOUR DOG $3 PER HOUR. CALL ME.

“Here Dad,” giving me the brochure, “will you hire me to walk your dog?”

“Listen son, you are selling your time and that is wrong! Stop thinking like that and start selling me benefits. Try again!”

“I don’t understand!”

“What are the benefits I will get if you walk my dog? Sell me those!”

“Well, when I walk your dog, he will exercise, I will play with him and he will be happy.”

“I don’t care about those! I can also walk my dog and play with him. Now, try harder, what valuable things can you do during that same hour with my dog?”

“I could train him tricks and I could give him a bath.”

“YES!” I said excited, “how much would you charge for a bath?”

“I could not only walk the dog, I could also bath them and teach them tricks!”

“How much time will it take to bath a dog?” I asked.

“Oh, I could do that in about 15 minutes!”

“So you will be making much more for the same hour, correct?”

“Yes, dad… I get it, thanks!” He replied as he ran to the computer to modify his brochure.

New problem: He’s only charging $3 dollars for a bath… haha!

He needs to feel the pain of hard work; then I will teach him how to better price his delivered value :)

---

To answer your question: What's the best advice you’ve received to make more money?

There’s only one way to make more money, start charging for delivered value, not for your time.

This demands a new mindset, I challenge you to think:

What benefits is your employer or your customers receiving with your work?

Negotiate and sell the value you deliver.

                                                                                                          By Hector Quintanilla, Founder at DigitalAgeEducation.com

Discussion Questions:

(1)   When you were a child did your parents give you “pocket money”? If so what did you have to do in exchange for it?

(2)   When you were young did you earn your own money? If so what did you do?  

(3)   Do you know anyone who was poor as a child but today are well off? If so what is their story?

(4)   Has anyone ever given you some interesting financial advice?

(5)   What financial advice would you give a young person today?

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HEALTH ISSUES ADVANCED (EXERCISE A77E287)

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the box below.

body             true               cause          failure               salty               much         point             dates             lead            composed        evidence       varies         which            processes      link             by                      heart

The worry about salt is that it may __________________ high blood pressure. Chemically, salt is ________________________ of sodium and chloride ions, both of ___________________ are common in the human ___________________ and are important for many physiological and biochemical __________________.  We not only need salt, we are salt, but too __________ may still be bad for us. Although the idea of a ___________________ between salt and high blood pressure __________________ back to 2000 B.C., there is still no scientific ___________________ as to whether this is so or not.  One reason for this ________________ to agree is that individual salt intake _____________________ enormously from day to day, and so reliable measures of intake are hard to come _________________.

           Those who believe that salt does ________________ to high blood pressure __________ to the high incidence of high blood pressure in countries that eat a very _______________ diet. In Japan, for instance, where salted fish is an important part of the diet, high blood pressure and _________________ complications are common, the same is ______________ for some Amazonian and African tribes, which have a low intake of salt.

                                                                        Taken from an article in the Observer Magazine by Dr. Richard Smith.

(2) Choose a word from the box below to complete the sentence.

runny        sore     swollen       seedy        dizzy          queasy       feverish             rash

(A)   When I stand up the room seems to be going round. I feel really __________________.

(B)   I’m not in pain but the glands on my neck seem to be ___________________.

(C)   I’ve got a ____________________ nose. I suppose it’s a cold coming on.

(D)   I’ve come out in a ____________________ all over my chest and arms. I am allergic to something.

(E)    It’s like being seasick. I feel ____________________ whenever I move about.

(F)    It’s hard to describe. I just feel generally __________________. Can you prescribe a tonic?

(G)  My throat’s awfully __________________. I hope it’s not tonsillitis.

(H)   I haven’t taken her temperature yet. She seems _____________________.

ANSWERS: 

HEALTH ISSUES

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the box below.

body             true               cause          failure               salty               much         point             dates             lead            composed        evidence       varies         which            processes      link             by                      heart

The worry about salt is that it may cause high blood pressure. Chemically, salt is composed of sodium and chloride ions, both of which are common in the human body and are important for many physiological and biochemical processes.  We not only need salt, we are salt, but too much may still be bad for us. Although the idea of a link between salt and high blood pressure dates back to 2000 B.C., there is still no scientific evidence as to whether this is so or not.  One reason for this failure to agree is that individual salt intake varies enormously from day to day, and so reliable measures of intake are hard to come by.

           Those who believe that salt does lead to high blood pressure point to the high incidence of high blood pressure in countries that eat a very salty diet. In Japan, for instance, where salted fish is an important part of the diet, high blood pressure and heart complications are common, the same is true for some Amazonian and African tribes, which have a low intake of salt.

                                                                        Taken from an article in the Observer Magazine by Dr. Richard Smith.

(2) Choose a word from the box below to complete the sentence.

runny        sore     swollen       seedy        dizzy          queasy       feverish             rash

(A)   When I stand up the room seems to be going round. I feel really dizzy.

(B)   I’m not in pain but the glands on my neck seem to be swollen.

(C)   I’ve got a runny nose. I suppose it’s a cold coming on.

(D)   I’ve come out in a rash all over my chest and arms. I am allergic to something.

(E)    It’s like being seasick. I feel queasy whenever I move about.

(F)    It’s hard to describe. I just feel generally seedy. Can you prescribe a tonic?

(G)  My throat’s awfully sore. I hope it’s not tonsillitis.

(H)   I haven’t taken her temperature yet. She seems feverish.

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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AMERCIAN AND BRITISH ENGLISH (Intermediate) (EXERCISE I100E286)

  

The most noticeable difference between American and British English is vocabulary. There are hundreds of everyday words that are different. Some examples: …….Which words do you use?

	British English		American English			British English			American English
A	accelerator		gas pedal, accelerator		D	dinner jacket			tux, tuxedo
	aerial (TV, radio)		antenna, aerial			directory enquiries			directory assistance
	Alsatian		German shepherd			diversion			detour
	American Indian		Native American			draughts			checkers
	anorak		jacket, parka			drawing pin			thumbtack
	at the weekend		on the weekend			dressing gown			(bath) robe
	aubergine		eggplant			drink driving			drunk driving
						driving licence			driver's license
B	bank holiday		national holiday, federal holiday			dummy			pacifier
	barrister, solicitor		lawyer, attorney
	base rate		prime rate		E	earth wire			ground wire
	to bathe		to bath			engaged			busy
	beetroot		beet			enquiry			inquiry
	bill		check			everywhere			everyplace, everywhere
	bin, dustbin		garbage can/trash can			expiry date			expiration date
	biro		ball-point pen
	biscuit		cookie		F	Father Christmas			Santa Claus
	bonnet		hood			favourite			favorite
	boot		trunk			to fill in			to fill out
	braces		suspenders			film			film, movie
	(round) brackets		parentheses			fire brigade			fire department
						first floor			second floor
C	candy floss		cotton candy			flannel			face cloth
	car park		parking lot			flat			apartment
	caravan		trailer			flavour			flavor
	caretaker		janitor			fortnight			two weeks
	catalogue		catalog			full stop			period
	centre		center
	chemist's shop		drugstore, pharmacy		G	garden			yard
	chips		French fries			gear lever			gear shift
	city centre		downtown, city center			Gents			Men's Room
	cloakroom		checkroom, coatroom			goods train			freight train
	clothes peg		clothespin			ground floor			first floor
	colour		color
	cooker		stove
	(bathing) costume		swimsuit
	crips		potato chips
		British English		American English				British English		American English
H		harbour		harbor			N	nappy		diaper
		headmaster, headteacher		principal				national insurance number		social security number
		to hire		to rent				neighbour		neighbor
		hire purchase		installment plan				note		bill
		holiday		vacation				notice board		bulletin board
		hoover		vacuum cleaner				number plate		license plate
		humour		humor
							P	a pack of cards		a deck of cards
I		icing sugar		powdered sugar				a packet of cigarettes		a pack of cigarettes
		indicator		blinker, turn signal				pants		underpants
		inverted commas, quotation marks		quotation marks				pavement		sidewalk
								pedestrian crossing		crosswalk
J		jacket potato		baked potato				petrol		gas
		jewellery		jewelery				phone box		phone booth
		jumble sale		yard sale				plane		airplane
		jumper		sweater				polo neck		turtle neck
								post		mail
K		kilometre		kilometer				post code		zip code
								postman		mailman
L		ladybird		ladybug				pram, pushchair		baby carriage, baby buggy, stroller
		to lay the table		to set the table				prawn		shrimp
		letterbox, postbox		mailbox				primary school		elementary school
		lift		elevator				programme		program
		litre		liter
		lorry		truck			Q	to queue		to line up
		lost property		lost and found				quid		buck
M		mackintosh		raincoat			R	railway		railroad
		managing director		CEO (chief executive officer)				reception		front desk
		mashed potato		mashed potatoes				to ring		to call
		match		game				roundabout		traffic circle, rotary
		maths		math				rucksack		backpack
		mobile (phone)		cellphone				rubber		erazor
		motorbike		motorcycle				rubbish		garbage
		motorway		freeway, highway, expressway, interstate
		mum		mom

	British English	American English		British English	American English
S	share	stock	U	underground, tube	subway
	shop	store		undertaker	mortician
	shop assistant	sales clerk
	sick	nauseated	V	vest	undershirt
	single ticket	one-way ticket
	Sorry.	Excuse me.	W	wallet	billfold
	spanner	wrench		wardrobe	closet
	sports day	fields day
	public school	private school	Y	year	grade
	stock	inventory
	sultana	raisin	Z	zebra crossing	crosswalk
	sweet shop	candy store		zip	zipper
T	tap	faucet
	taxi	cab
	term	semester
	theatre	theater
	timetable	schedule
	tin	can
	toilet, loo	bathroom, rest room
	town centre	town center
	torch	flashlight
	trainers	sneakers
	travelled	traveled
	trolley	cart
	trousers	pants
	tyre	tire

EXERCISE: From the lists below, choose the pair of words that have the same meaning and identify them as American English or British English.

Example:         AmE - cookie    =   BrE – biscuit

closet                    queue               vacation       fall                bonnet           sweets              thumb tack        bill                         caravan             flashlight       subway        postman        baggage           movie                underground       luggage             elevator       cupboard     hood             mailman           torch               check                    line                     lift                 curtains        film                  candy                 gas             autumn                petrol                 holiday         trailer            drawing pin

ANSWERS:

EXERCISE: From the lists below, choose the pair of words that have the same meaning and identify them as American English or British English.

Example:         AmE - cookie    =   BrE – biscuit

closet - cupboard : vacation - holiday : fall - autumn : thumb tack - drawing pin: flashlight - torch : subway - underground : baggage - luggage : movie - film : drapes - curtains : elevator - lift : hood - bonnet : mailman - postman : check - bill  : line - queue : candy - sweets : gas - petrol : trailer - caravan

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